Community nurses and the ‘new normal’.

In this editorial the author discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our lives and what challenges and changes to community nursing will be needed to cope with the long-term symptoms, as well as managing the repercussions of suspended health and social care for many other conditions

Interventions for raising breast cancer awareness in women.

This is a summary of a Cochrane review of O'Mahony, M., Comber, H., Fitzgerald, T., Corrigan, M.A., Fitzgerald, E., Grunfeld, E.A., Flynn, M.G. and Hegarty, J. Interventions for raising breast cancer awareness in women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 2, Art No: CD011396. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011396.pub2

Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders.

This is a summary by Catriona Kennedy of the Cochrane Review of Kisely, S.R., Campbell, L.A., O'Reilly, R. Compulsory community and involuntary outpatient treatment for people with severe mental disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 3, Art No: CD004408. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004408.pub5

Interventions for preventing abuse in the elderly.

Elder abuse is a global problem with an estimated 10% of older people experiencing some form of abuse although many cases remain unreported and/or referred to social services. As such the true extent of elder abuse is relatively unknown and this poses significant challenges given the demographic changes wherein people are living longer. Maltreatment of older people, commonly referred to as elder abuse, is multidimensional and includes psychological, physical, sexual abuse, neglect and financial exploitation

Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Prostatitis is a common condition which can affect men of all ages; however, it is more frequently experienced in younger men with an initial onset around 40 years of age. The two main presenting clinical features of prostatitis are lower urinary tract symptoms and pelvic pain. Other symptoms might include obstructive or irritative voiding symptoms, ejaculatory pain, and hematospermia. A diagnosis is usually based on the man's history, physical examination, urinalysis, and the two-or four-glass test (also known as obtaining urine specimens before, during, and after prostatic massage). Further investigations may also be performed when considering the differential diagnosis. Prostatitis can result in a significant reduction in quality of life (QOL) and pain can be associated with sexual dysfunction in men. Prostatitis can be classified as four distinct types, namely, type I acute prostatitis, type II chronic bacterial prostatitis, type III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), and type IV asymptomatic prostatitis. It is unclear whether type III can be linked in all cases to prostatic involvement therefore the alternate denomination CPPS is used in clinical practice. Furthermore, CP/CPPS is further subclassified as type IIIa (inflammatory), and type IIIb (noninflammatory) which is dependent on the presence of inflammatory cells in prostatic secretions. CP/CPPS is considered when pelvic pain is present for at least three of the preceding 6 months with no other identifiable causes determined. There are several hypothesized causes of CP/CPPS which include: neuropsychological factors, infection, inflammation/autoimmunity, and dyssynergia voiding associated with bladder neck hypertrophy. Given the wide range of potential causes of CP/CPPS, there are many pharmacological interventions available in clinical practice to manage this complex condition. It is important to critically summarize evidence-based recommendations to inform the clinical management of men affected by CP/CPPS (Franco et al., 2019)

Strategies for enhancing 'person knowledge' in an older people care setting.

This article presents findings from a study about compassionate care?the development of person knowledge in a medical ward caring for older people. Appreciative inquiry, an approach to research that focuses on discovering what works well and implementing strategies to help these aspects happen most of the time, was used. Staff, patients, and families participated in this study, which used a range of methods to generate data including interviews and observations. Immersion/crystallization was used to analyze these data using a reflexive and continuous approach to extracting and validating data. Findings uncovered that knowledge of the person and ways of promoting this were key dimensions of compassionate caring. The attributes of 'caring conversations' emerged through the analysis process, which we suggest are crucial to developing person knowledge. The political and public focus on compassionate care makes it opportune to raise discussion around this form of knowledge in academic and practice debates

Using aquablation to treat lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This is a summary by the authors of a nursing care-related review of the Cochrane Review by Hwang, E.C., Jung, J.H., Borofsky, M., Kim, M.H. and Dahm, P. 2019. Aquablation of the prostate for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 2, Art No: CD013143. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013143.pub2

Supramolecular study, Hirshfeld analysis and theoretical study of 6-methoxyquinoline N-oxide dihydrate

In the crystal structure of 6-methoxyquinoline N-oxide dihydrate, C10H9NO2 center dot 2H(2)O, (I), the presence of two-dimensional water networks is analysed. The water molecules form unusual water channels, as well as two intersecting mutually perpendicular columns. In one of these channels, the O atom of the N-oxide group acts as a bridge between the water molecules. The other channel is formed exclusively by water molecules. Confirmation of the molecular packing was performed through the analysis of Hirshfeld surfaces, and (I) is compared with other similar isoquinoline systems. Calculations of bond lengths and angles by the Hartree-Fock method or by density functional theory B3LYP, both with 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets, are reported, together with the results of additional IR, UV-Vis and theoretical studies

The mental health and wellbeing of EU citizens in the UK: a systematic review of the qualitative literature.

Moving to a new country impacts on migrants’ mental health and well-being. There are over 3.6 million European Union citizens living in the United Kingdom. We conducted a systematic review of the qualitative literature to explore what is known about their mental health and well-being at the post-migration stage in pre-Brexit period. We searched five databases from 1st January 2009 to 19th February 2019; Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SocIndex and Scopus for studies. Ten papers reporting nine studies were included in this review. Two themes were constructed; a narrative of adjustment and of employment realities. The former focuses on the process of settling in and the role of social connectedness. The latter concerns employment realities with included studies exploring the financial position and employment experiences of migrants. Findings indicate that we still know relatively little about the range of post-migration experiences among EU citizens and their implications for mental health

A qualitative exploration of how midwives' and obstetricians' perception of risk affects care practices for low-risk women and normal birth.

Background: Maternity care is facing increasing intervention and iatrogenic morbidity rates. This can be attributed, in part, to higher-risk maternity populations, but also to a risk culture in which birth is increasingly seen as abnormal. Technology and intervention are used to prevent perceived implication in adverse outcomes and litigation. Question: Does midwives' and obstetricians' perception of risk affect care practices for normal birth and low-risk women in labour, taking into account different settings? Methods: The research methods are developed within a qualitative framework. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. A purposive sample of 25 midwives and obstetricians were recruited from three maternity settings in Ireland. This included obstetric-led hospitals, an alongside midwifery-led unit and the community. Findings: Midwifery is assuming a peripheral position with regard to normal birth as a progressive culture of risk and medicalisation affects the provision of maternity care. This is revealed in four themes; (1) professional autonomy and hierarchy in maternity care; (2) midwifery-led care as an undervalued and unsupported aspiration; (3) a shift in focus from striving for normality to risk management; and (4) viewing pregnancy through a 'risk-lens'. Discussion: Factors connected to the increased medicalisation of birth contribute to the lack of midwifery responsibility for low-risk women and normal birth. Midwives are resigned to the current situation and as a profession are reluctant to take action. Conclusion: Improved models of care, distinct from medical jurisdiction, are required. Midwives must take responsibility for leading change as their professional identity is in jeopardy